GLP-1 weight-loss medications compared: October 2026

Last updated October 9, 2026 Data from each drug's main obesity trial Not medical advice

Among approved medications, tirzepatide produced the most weight loss in its main trial: 22.5% of body weight on average. Retatrutide went further at 28.3%, but it is not approved yet. Semaglutide has the longest track record and a proven heart benefit. If you would rather take a pill, the Wegovy pill and Foundayo are now approved as once-daily tablets.

Illustration: a weekly injection pen, two daily pills and a three-part hormone molecule WEEK

Compare at a glance

Higher is better

Our picks

Three once-weekly injections and two once-daily pills, by what each does best. Four are approved in the US; retatrutide is still in clinical trials and can't be prescribed.

MedicationStatusBest forAverage weight loss

Each medication in detail

Numbers come from the highest dose studied in each drug's main obesity trial. Trials differ in length and design, so treat the gaps between drugs as a guide, not a head-to-head result.

What the trial average would mean for you

Enter a starting weight to see what each trial's average result looks like in kilograms or pounds. Individual results vary widely.

22.5 kg

Based on the average for people who kept taking the medication in the trial. It is not a prediction for any one person.

Side effects side by side

Share of trial participants who reported each side effect at least once during the trial. Most stomach-related side effects are mild to moderate and happen while the dose is being increased.

Semaglutide pill: OASIS 4, 64 weeks, 25 mg daily. Orforglipron: ATTAIN-1, 72 weeks, 36 mg daily (the same dose as the 17.2 mg Foundayo tablet). Semaglutide: STEP 1, 68 weeks, 2.4 mg. Tirzepatide: SURMOUNT-1, 72 weeks, 15 mg (dysesthesia pooled from SURMOUNT-1 and -2). Retatrutide: TRIUMPH-1 topline results, 80 weeks, 12 mg. Semaglutide's often-quoted 14.9% weight loss counts everyone who started, including people who stopped; the 16.9% shown here counts people who stayed on treatment.

Oral GLP-1: the weight-loss pills

Two once-daily GLP-1 pills are now FDA approved for weight loss in adults with obesity, or overweight with a weight-related health problem. They work like the injections but are taken by mouth every day instead of once a week.

Wegovy pillOral semaglutide, Novo Nordisk FoundayoOrforglipron, Eli Lilly
FDA approvedDecember 22, 2025April 1, 2026
What it isThe same peptide as the Wegovy injection, made into a tablet that the stomach can absorbA small-molecule (non-peptide) drug that switches on the GLP-1 receptor
How to take itOnce a day on an empty stomach with up to 4 oz of water. Wait 30 minutes before eating, drinking or taking other medicines.Once a day at any time, with or without food or water
DosingStarts at 1.5 mg and steps up every 30 days to the 25 mg maintenance doseStarts low and steps up gradually to a top dose of 17.2 mg
Average weight loss in main trial16.6% over 64 weeks (OASIS 4)12.4% over 72 weeks (ATTAIN-1)
Counting everyone who started13.6%11.1%
Nausea46.6%33.7%
Vomiting30.9%24.0%
Stopped due to side effects6.9%10.3%
Heart protection on the labelYes, lowers the risk of heart attack, stroke and heart-related death in adults with heart diseaseNot on the label
Best forPeople who want the most weight loss from a pill and can follow the morning routinePeople who want the simplest daily routine

Main figures count people who kept taking the medication, matching the rest of this page. Foundayo's top approved tablet (17.2 mg) is the same dose as the 36 mg capsule used in the trial. Like the injections, both pills carry a boxed warning about thyroid C-cell tumors and should not be used by people with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or MEN 2. See Wegovy pill and Foundayo in detail.

Peptides under FDA review

Peptides are short chains of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Semaglutide, tirzepatide and retatrutide are all peptides. Below are the peptides the FDA is reviewing as of October 2026, and what each one is meant to do.

Weight-loss peptide medicines

CagriSema

Cagrilintide + semaglutide, Novo Nordisk FDA decision expected late 2026

A once-weekly injection that combines semaglutide with cagrilintide, a long-acting copy of amylin. Amylin is a hormone released with insulin that makes you feel full and slows how fast the stomach empties. Together they reduce appetite more than semaglutide alone.

Average weight loss was 22.7% over 68 weeks in REDEFINE 1. In a head-to-head trial it fell short of tirzepatide (20.2% vs 23.6% over 84 weeks). If approved it would be the first amylin-based obesity medicine.

Status
Application filed with the FDA in December 2025

Retatrutide

Eli Lilly Filing planned Q1 2027

A once-weekly injection that acts on three hormones: GLP-1, GIP and glucagon. GLP-1 and GIP reduce appetite and improve blood sugar; glucagon may raise the energy the body burns.

It produced 28.3% average weight loss in TRIUMPH-1, the most of any drug on this page. It is not yet under FDA review, but Lilly plans to apply in early 2027. See details.

Status
Phase 3 trials complete, not yet filed

Compounding peptides

These peptides are not FDA-approved medicines. The FDA is deciding whether pharmacies may legally compound them (mix them for individual prescriptions) by adding them to its "503A bulks list". In 2023 the FDA flagged many of them as a possible safety risk; it lifted that flag in April 2026. On July 23–24, 2026 its Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee voted on seven peptides, each for a specific condition, overruling FDA staff who had advised against all seven. The vote is not binding, and until the FDA makes a final decision pharmacies still cannot compound them. Products sold online as "research peptides" are unregulated and may be impure or mislabeled.

BPC-157

"Body protection compound" Panel: recommended

A 15-amino-acid fragment of a protein found in stomach juice. Animal studies suggest it helps heal the gut lining, tendons, ligaments and muscle and may reduce inflammation. There are very few studies in people.

Reviewed for
Ulcerative colitis
Vote
8 yes, 6 no, 1 abstain

TB-500

Thymosin beta-4 fragment Panel: recommended

A lab-made piece of thymosin beta-4, a natural protein that helps cells move to an injury and build new blood vessels. It is promoted to speed recovery of wounds, muscles, tendons and ligaments. Evidence is mostly from animals.

Reviewed for
Wound healing, tendon and ligament repair
Vote
8 yes, 6 no, 1 abstain

KPV

Alpha-MSH fragment Panel: recommended

A three-amino-acid piece of alpha-MSH, a hormone that calms inflammation. Lab and animal studies suggest it reduces inflammation in the gut and skin and supports wound healing.

Reviewed for
Wound healing and inflammatory conditions
Vote
8 yes, 6 no, 1 abstain

MOTs-c

Mitochondrial peptide Panel: recommended

A peptide made naturally by mitochondria, the energy factories of cells. In animal studies it acts a bit like exercise, helping muscles use sugar and fat and improving insulin sensitivity. Human data are limited.

Reviewed for
Obesity and osteoporosis
Vote
7 yes, 5 no, 2 abstain

Semax

ACTH-based peptide Panel: recommended

A synthetic peptide based on a fragment of the stress hormone ACTH, usually given as a nasal spray. It is used in Russia after stroke and is promoted for focus and memory; it may protect nerve cells when blood flow is low.

Reviewed for
Reduced blood flow to the brain, migraine, trigeminal neuralgia
Vote
8 yes, 5 no, 1 abstain

Epitalon

Pineal peptide Panel: recommended

A synthetic four-amino-acid peptide modeled on an extract of the pineal gland, which controls sleep cycles. It is promoted for sleep and anti-aging, but most research comes from a small number of labs.

Reviewed for
Insomnia
Vote
7 yes, 4 or 5 no (reports differ)

Emideltide (DSIP)

Delta sleep-inducing peptide Panel: not recommended

A small peptide first found in the brains of sleeping rabbits and thought to promote deep sleep. The panel turned it down, noting that the newest study on it is about 30 years old.

Reviewed for
Opioid withdrawal, chronic insomnia, narcolepsy
Vote
6 yes, 7 no, 1 abstain

GHK-Cu

Copper peptide Review scheduled

A three-amino-acid peptide bound to copper that occurs naturally in blood. It is widely used in skin creams and is studied for skin repair, collagen production and wound healing.

Status
The FDA plans to take it to the advisory committee by the end of February 2027

From the blog

Plain-English explainers on the medicines in this comparison and the ones coming next.

How we compare

We use one trial per medication: the main completed Phase 3 obesity trial in adults without diabetes, at the highest dose studied. Pills and injections are compared on the same basis. Where trials report it, weight loss is the average for people who kept taking the drug, so the figures sit on a similar basis. Retatrutide's figure comes from Eli Lilly's topline announcement.

Side effects are the share of participants who reported each one at least once. Discontinuation means people who stopped because of side effects, not for other reasons.

No trial on this page compared these drugs directly. Differences in trial length, dosing schedules and patient groups all affect the numbers.

Common questions

What is the difference between these medications?

Semaglutide copies one gut hormone, GLP-1. Tirzepatide copies two, GLP-1 and GIP. Retatrutide adds a third, glucagon, which may help burn more energy but also brings side effects like skin sensitivity (dysesthesia).

Can I get retatrutide now?

No. It is still in clinical trials and can't be prescribed. Eli Lilly plans to apply for US approval of retatrutide in the first quarter of 2027. Products sold online as "research peptides" are not the medicines tested in these trials and may be unsafe.

Why might my results differ from the trial?

Trial participants received regular check-ins, diet and exercise advice and close monitoring. Results also depend on reaching and staying on the full dose. Many people in everyday care lose less, and some lose more.

What about weight-loss pills?

Two GLP-1 pills are FDA approved for weight loss: the Wegovy pill (oral semaglutide, approved December 2025) and Foundayo (orforglipron, approved April 2026). Both are taken once a day. See the Oral GLP-1 section for how they compare.

Which one is right for me?

That depends on your health history, other medications, insurance coverage and how you tolerate side effects. A doctor or other licensed clinician can help you weigh these. Use this page to prepare questions for that conversation.